cenotes

. Basic and General Information What is a cenote? A cenote is a natural sinkhole filled with water, formed by the collapse of limestone bedrock that exposes the groundwater underneath. They are characteristic geological formations of Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula.

How are cenotes formed? They form over thousands of years as slightly acidic rainwater seeps through the ground, dissolving the porous limestone rock and creating underground caverns and river systems. Eventually, the roof of these caverns weakens and collapses, revealing the subterranean water and creating a cenote.

What does the word "cenote" mean? It translates to "sacred well" or "abyss."

Where does the word "cenote" come from? It originates from the Mayan word "dz'onot" or "ts'ono'ot," which the Maya people used to refer to these water bodies.

What is the origin of the cenotes? Their origin is geological, tied to the dissolution of limestone. The impact of the Chicxulub meteor 66 million years ago, which led to the extinction of the dinosaurs, is believed to have fractured the peninsula's bedrock, creating a "Ring of Cenotes" and facilitating their formation.

How many types of cenotes exist? They are mainly classified into four types based on their age and stage of evolution: cave cenotes, semi-open cenotes, open cenotes, and ancient cenotes (or aguadas).

What are the types of cenotes?

Cave Cenotes: The youngest type, where the water surface is inside a cavern with a nearly intact roof.

Semi-Open Cenotes: Middle-aged cenotes where the roof has partially collapsed, creating an opening that lets in light.

Open Cenotes: The oldest type, where the roof has completely collapsed, resembling a natural, open-air swimming pool.

Ancient Cenotes (Aguadas): Very old cenotes that have filled with sediment, leaving a very shallow body of water.

What is the difference between an open and a closed cenote? The main difference is their age and structure. A closed cenote (cave) has its roof intact, while an open cenote has completely lost its roof due to erosion and collapse.

What is the geology of the cenotes? The geology is based on a porous, karstic limestone platform. This rock is easily dissolved by acidic rainwater, which allows for the creation of extensive underground cave and river systems.

Why is the water in cenotes so clear? The water is filtered by the limestone bedrock as rainwater seeps through, which removes particles and impurities. Additionally, the lack of strong currents and the darkness of the underground systems prevent the growth of algae.

How deep are cenotes? Their depth varies dramatically. Some are only a few meters deep, while others, like Cenote "El Pit," exceed 120 meters (394 feet). The Sac Actun system is one of the most extensive and deep in the world.

Is the water in cenotes fresh or salt? It is primarily freshwater from rain. However, in deeper cenotes close to the coast, a phenomenon called a halocline can occur, where a layer of freshwater floats on top of a denser layer of saltwater from the sea.

What is a halocline in a cenote? It's the contact zone where less dense freshwater meets and sits on top of denser saltwater. For divers, it creates a fascinating blurry or mirrored visual effect in the water.

How many cenotes are in Yucatán? It is estimated that there are between 7,000 and 10,000 cenotes in the Yucatán Peninsula, though only a fraction have been explored and are open to the public.

Where in Mexico are there cenotes? The vast majority are found in the Yucatán Peninsula, which includes the states of Yucatán, Quintana Roo, and Campeche.

Are there cenotes in other countries? Yes, similar geological formations called "blue holes" or sinkholes exist in places like Belize, Australia, the Bahamas, and parts of Europe. However, the concentration and accessibility in the Yucatán Peninsula are unique.

What is the importance of cenotes for the ecosystem? They are the primary source of freshwater in the region, sustaining local flora and fauna. They are unique and fragile ecosystems that host endemic species.

What flora and fauna inhabit cenotes? Flora includes tree roots that penetrate down to the water and various algae. The fauna is diverse, featuring fish like the Yucatecan blind brotula, eels, crustaceans, freshwater turtles, and, in the caves, bats and swallows.

Are there fish in the cenotes? Yes, there are several species of fish adapted to these conditions, some of which are endemic, like the Yucatecan blind fish.

What animals live inside the cenotes? Besides fish and turtles, you can find crustaceans like shrimp and isopods, as well as amphibians. Bats are common inhabitants of cave cenotes.

Are cenotes underground rivers? They are essentially windows into vast underground river systems. Cenotes are the access points to these networks of water flowing beneath the earth.

Are the cenotes connected? Yes, many are interconnected through the network of subterranean rivers and caves. The Sac Actun System, for example, is the longest flooded cave system in the world and connects hundreds of cenotes.

What is the average water temperature in a cenote? The temperature is remarkably constant year-round, typically ranging between 24°C and 26°C (75°F - 78°F), making it refreshingly cool but pleasant.

Why are some cenotes blue and others green? The water's color depends on its depth, the amount of light it receives, dissolved minerals, and the presence of organic matter like algae or tannins from surrounding vegetation.

What are stalactites and stalagmites in cenotes? These are rock formations created when the caves were dry (during past ice ages). Stalactites hang from the ceiling, formed by mineral deposits from dripping water. Stalagmites grow upwards from the ground. Seeing them underwater is proof that sea levels have changed over time.

II. Trip Planning and Logistics What are the best cenotes to visit in the Riviera Maya? Some of the most popular are Gran Cenote, Cenote Dos Ojos, Cenote Azul, Jardín del Edén (Ponderosa), and Cenote Calavera.

What are the most beautiful cenotes in Yucatán? While subjective, some of the most acclaimed for their beauty are Ik Kil (near Chichén Itzá), Suytun (famous for its platform), and the cenotes of Cuzamá.

Which cenotes are near Chichén Itzá? The most famous is Ik Kil. Others nearby include Yokdzonot and the Sacred Cenote within the archaeological site itself (swimming is not allowed).

Which cenotes are near Tulum?Gran Cenote, Cenote Calavera (Temple of Doom), Sistema Sac Actun, and Cenote Dos Ojos are all very close to Tulum.

Which cenotes are near Playa del Carmen?Cenote Azul, Jardín del Edén, Cristalino, and Chaak Tun are excellent and easily accessible options from Playa del Carmen.

Which cenotes are near Cancún? The "Ruta de los Cenotes" in Puerto Morelos (between Cancún and Playa del Carmen) is the best option, featuring cenotes like La Noria, Verde Lucero, and Boca del Puma.

Which cenotes are near Mérida? Near Mérida, you can find the Cuzamá cenotes (toured by a horse-drawn cart called a "truck"), the cenotes of Homún, and the San Antonio Mulix cenotes (X'batun and Dzonbacal).

Which cenotes are near Valladolid?Zací (in the city center), Suytun, X'keken, Samulá, and Oxman are very popular and accessible from Valladolid.

How do you get to the cenotes? Options include:

Rental Car: Offers the most flexibility.

Organized Tour: Includes transport, and often tickets and food.

Taxi: Convenient but can be expensive.

Public Transport ("Colectivos"): The most economical option, though it may require walking from the main road.

Can you go to cenotes by public transport? Yes, many cenotes on main highways (like the Cancún-Tulum corridor) are accessible via "colectivos." You just need to tell the driver which cenote you're going to.

Is it better to visit cenotes on a tour or on your own?

On your own: More freedom, you control your schedule, and it can be cheaper if you rent a car.

On a tour: More convenient, no need to worry about logistics, includes a guide, and is ideal if you don't want to drive.

What is the best time of year to visit the cenotes? You can visit them year-round. The dry season (November to April) offers more pleasant weather. However, visiting during the rainy season can be a great way to escape the heat and the crowds.

What is the best time of day to go to a cenote?Early in the morning right when they open. You'll avoid the tour crowds and have the place more to yourself. Midday is ideal for cave cenotes, as sunlight entering through openings creates stunning visual effects.

How much does it cost to enter a cenote? Prices vary drastically, from $100-$150 MXN for rustic, community-run cenotes to $350-$600 MXN or more for the most tourist-heavy and well-equipped ones.

Are cenotes free? No, the vast majority are not free. They are on private or community-owned (ejido) land, and the entrance fees are used for their maintenance, conservation, and to support local families.

Which cenotes are budget-friendly? Generally, lesser-known cenotes or those managed by local communities in places like Homún or Cuzamá are more economical than the large tourist cenotes of the Riviera Maya.

What do cenote tours include? Typically, they include round-trip transportation, entrance fees to one or more cenotes, a guide, a life jacket, and often snorkeling equipment and lunch.

Do you need to book in advance to visit a cenote? For most cenotes, you do not need to book if you go on your own. However, for specific tours or very exclusive cenotes, booking ahead is recommended.

What are the operating hours for cenotes? Most open between 8:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. and close between 4:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m.

Do cenotes open every day? Yes, the vast majority of tourist cenotes operate 365 days a year, including holidays.

What clothing should I wear to a cenote? A swimsuit, light and comfortable quick-dry clothing, and a change of dry clothes for afterward.

What is the proper footwear for cenotes? Sandals or flip-flops for common areas and water shoes for safely walking on wet and rocky surfaces.

Do I need to bring a towel to the cenotes? Yes, it is highly recommended to bring your own towel. Very few places offer rental services.

Can I bring food and drinks to the cenotes? This depends on the rules of each cenote. Some allow it in designated areas, but most prohibit outside food and drinks (especially alcohol) to prevent contamination.

What should I pack for a day at the cenotes? Swimsuit, towel, water shoes, cash (very important), a waterproof camera, and biodegradable sunscreen to apply after swimming, not before.

Can you pay with a credit card at the cenotes? At the larger, more tourist-oriented cenotes, yes. But at the majority of smaller, rustic ones, it is cash only. It is essential to carry Mexican pesos.

Are there bathrooms and changing rooms at the cenotes? Most tourist cenotes have basic bathrooms and changing rooms.

Are there lockers or places to store my belongings? Yes, many cenotes offer locker services for an additional fee.

Are there restaurants near the cenotes? The larger, more developed cenotes often have their own restaurant or snack bar. In areas like Homún or Valladolid, it is easy to find local food nearby.

Is there lodging near the cenotes? Yes, options range from luxury hotels with their own private cenote to rustic cabins and glamping options near cenote zones.

Which cenotes are ideal for visiting with children? 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Open, shallow cenotes like Cenote Azul or Jardín del Edén are perfect for kids, as they have areas where they can stand and swim safely.

Which cenotes are recommended for older adults? Those with easy access, secure stairs, and stable platforms are best. Cenotes like X'keken (which has well-made stone stairs) or open cenotes that don't require a long descent are good options.

Are there accessible cenotes for people with disabilities? Accessibility is limited in most due to their rustic nature. However, some tourist parks like Xcaret and certain cenotes on the "Ruta de los Cenotes" have made efforts to be more inclusive. It is always best to research and call directly beforehand.

Can you camp near a cenote? Some cenotes and ecological parks offer designated camping areas or cabins. Wild camping is strictly prohibited in most places.

How much time is recommended to spend at a cenote? Generally, 1 to 3 hours is enough to enjoy a single cenote, swim, take photos, and relax.

III. Activities and Experiences Can you swim in the cenotes? Yes, swimming is the primary and most popular activity in the vast majority of cenotes open to the public.

Is it safe to swim in the cenotes? Yes, it is very safe. The water is calm with no strong currents. Using a life jacket is recommended if you are not an experienced swimmer.

Can you dive in the cenotes? Yes, cenote diving is a world-class experience. It is divided into cavern diving (always within sight of a natural light exit) and cave diving (deep penetration, only for technically certified divers).

What diving certification is needed for cenotes? For cavern diving, a minimum of an Open Water certification is required, and guides will lead you along safe routes. For cave diving, specific technical certifications (e.g., Full Cave Diver) are mandatory.

What is cavern and cave diving in cenotes? It's exploring the underground river systems. Cavern diving follows the light line from the entrance, while cave diving involves penetrating completely dark passages and requires highly specialized equipment and training.

What are the best cenotes for diving?Dos Ojos (famous for its two "eyes" and routes), El Pit (for its depth and light rays), Calavera, and the Sac Actun System are considered among the best in the world.

Can you snorkel in the cenotes? Yes, snorkeling is a fantastic activity, especially in open and semi-open cenotes where the light allows for great visibility of rock formations, tree roots, and fish.

What are the best cenotes for snorkeling?Gran Cenote, Dos Ojos, Jardín del Edén, and Yal-Kú (technically a lagoon mixing cenote and sea water) are excellent for snorkeling.

Can you rent life jackets at the cenotes? Yes, the vast majority of tourist cenotes offer life jacket rentals, and in many, their use is mandatory.

Is the use of a life jacket mandatory? In many cenotes, yes, it is mandatory, especially in deeper ones or those that receive large tour groups, as part of their safety measures.

Can you jump into cenotes from heights? Yes, many open and semi-open cenotes have wooden platforms or cliffs from which it is safe and permitted to jump. Always check the depth and the site's rules first.

Are there platforms for jumping in the cenotes? Yes, cenotes like Cenote Azul, Ik Kil, and Oxman have platforms of varying heights for the more adventurous.

Can you kayak or paddleboard in the cenotes? Generally no, due to the limited space and the need to conserve the rock formations. However, some very large open cenotes or lagoons connected to cenotes might offer it.

Can you zipline at the cenotes? Yes, several adventure parks on the "Ruta de los Cenotes" and elsewhere offer zipline circuits that often end with a refreshing splash into a cenote.

Can you rappel in the cenotes? Yes, it's a popular adventure activity in some pit-like or cave cenotes, where you descend by rope into the water.

Can you take photos and videos in the cenotes? Yes, it is permitted for personal use. Waterproof cameras like GoPros are ideal.

Is the use of drones allowed in the cenotes? 🚫 Generally no. Most cenotes prohibit drones to protect the privacy of visitors, local fauna (especially birds and bats), and to prevent accidents.

Are there photography tours in cenotes? Yes, there are specialized photographers and tours that take you to the most photogenic cenotes at the best hours for light to help you get spectacular images.

What are the most "Instagrammable" cenotes?Cenote Suytun with its circular platform, Cenote Ik Kil with its hanging vines, and Gran Cenote with its turquoise waters and turtles are extremely popular on Instagram.

Can you hold weddings or events in the cenotes? Yes, some private cenotes and parks offer packages for weddings, spiritual ceremonies, and other private events. They require considerable planning and cost.

Are there Mayan ceremonies in the cenotes? Yes, some shamans or Mayan spiritual guides perform purification ceremonies or symbolic weddings in certain cenotes, often as part of private tourist experiences.

What kind of unique experiences are offered in cenotes? Besides swimming and diving, some offer rappelling, ziplining, Mayan ceremonies, meditation, yoga, and astrophotography tours in cenotes far from light pollution.

Can you visit a cenote at night? Some specific cenotes offer night tours for swimming or diving under the moonlight and stars, which is a magical and completely different experience.

Are there night tours in the cenotes? Yes, though they are not as common as daytime tours. It is a specialized experience that usually must be booked in advance.

What does it feel like to swim in a cenote? It's a mix of awe and peace. The cool, pure water, the silence (especially in cave cenotes), the filtering rays of light, and the sense of being in a place formed by nature over millennia is an unforgettable experience.

IV. Safety, Rules, and Conservation Is it dangerous to go to the cenotes? No, they are very safe places if you follow basic rules: don't run in wet areas, use a life jacket if you're not a strong swimmer, and follow the staff's instructions. The biggest risk is slipping on wet stairs or rocks.

Are there crocodiles in the cenotes? 🐊 This is extremely rare. Tourist cenotes, which are mostly closed groundwater systems, do not have crocodiles. The possibility exists only in open cenotes directly connected to large mangrove or lagoon systems, but this is not common at popular swimming sites.

What dangerous animals are in the cenotes? Practically none. There are no venomous water snakes or dangerous fish. The biggest nuisance might be some mosquitoes in the surrounding jungle area.

Is the water in the cenotes polluted? Unfortunately, the peninsula's aquifer faces contamination risks from untreated wastewater, garbage, and agrochemicals. This is why it is crucial to follow the rules to avoid further pollution. Tourist cenotes are monitored and safe for swimming.

Can you drink the water from the cenotes?No, you should not drink the water. Although it looks very clear, it can contain microorganisms or minerals that may cause stomach problems.

Why can't you use sunscreen in the cenotes? The chemicals in sunscreens (even many that claim to be "biodegradable") are very harmful to the cenote's fragile ecosystem. They contaminate the water, harm fish and other species, and damage the rock formations.

Can you use mosquito repellent in the cenotes? No, for the same reason as sunscreen. The chemicals contaminate the water. Apply it after you get out of the water and dry off.

What type of sunscreen is allowed? The general rule is "none." The best protection is to wear long-sleeved rash guards. If a place allows "biodegradable" sunscreen, ensure it is 100% zinc oxide or titanium dioxide-based (mineral) and apply it at least 30 minutes before entering.

Why do you have to shower before entering a cenote? To rinse off any residue from body products like creams, perfumes, deodorants, repellents, or sunscreens, and thus keep the water as pure as possible.

What are the rules of the cenotes? Common rules are: shower before entering, no sunscreen or repellent, do not touch stalactites or stalagmites, do not remove flora or fauna, do not litter, and keep noise to a minimum.

Can you smoke in the cenotes? No, smoking is strictly forbidden in the cenote area.

Can you drink alcohol in the cenotes? It is generally prohibited, especially in the water, for safety and conservation reasons.

What happens if I touch the stalactites or stalagmites? The natural oils and grease from your skin permanently stop their growth process. They are extremely fragile formations that have taken thousands of years to grow; touching them causes irreparable damage.

How can I help conserve the cenotes? By following all the rules—especially no chemicals on your skin—not leaving any trash, not touching anything, and choosing responsible tour operators.

What is the impact of tourism on the cenotes? It can be both positive and negative. Positive, because it generates income for conservation and local communities. Negative, due to the risk of pollution, wear and tear on the sites, and infrastructure construction that can harm the ecosystem.

V. History, Culture, and Myths What was the significance of cenotes for the Mayans? They were vital sources of freshwater and also sacred portals to the underworld, known as Xibalbá. They were ceremonial centers and places of communication with the gods.

Were cenotes places of Mayan sacrifices?Yes. Archaeological research, especially in the Sacred Cenote of Chichén Itzá, has uncovered human skeletal remains, as well as objects of jade, gold, and pottery, confirming that ritual offerings and sacrifices were made.

What has been found at the bottom of the cenotes? Ceremonial offerings (gold, jade, copper, textiles), pottery, tools, animal bones, and human remains have been found, as well as fossils of Ice Age megafauna.

Were cenotes the entrance to the Mayan underworld (Xibalbá)? Yes, in the Mayan worldview, cenotes, especially the cave-like ones, were considered literal entrances to Xibalbá, the realm of the death gods.

What legends exist about the cenotes? Many legends speak of a "guardian serpent" of the cenote or of the "Aluxes," small mythical beings (similar to elves) who protect these places. It is said that one must ask their permission before entering.

What are "aluxes" and their relationship with cenotes? Aluxes are creatures from Mayan mythology. They are believed to be nature spirits that guard the jungle and the cenotes. Locals often build small houses for them and leave offerings to ensure their protection.

Are there treasures in the cenotes? Yes, in an archaeological sense. The "treasures" are the artifacts of gold, jade, and other materials that the Mayans offered to their gods. The idea of pirate treasure is more of a myth.

What Mayan rituals were performed in the cenotes? Rituals were performed to ask for rain and fertility, offerings were made to appease the gods, and in some cases, human sacrifices were carried out as the ultimate offering.

How did the Mayans use the water from the cenotes? It was their only source of fresh water for drinking, cooking, and agriculture in a region with no surface rivers. Their lives depended entirely on the cenotes.

Are there sacred cenotes that cannot be visited? The Sacred Cenote of Chichén Itzá is the best example: you can observe it, but swimming is forbidden due to its archaeological importance and for its preservation. Other cenotes on private land or in communities may have restricted access.

What stories do locals tell about the cenotes? They tell stories of apparitions, strange noises coming from them at night, and the importance of showing respect so as not to anger their spiritual guardians.

Have fossils been found in the cenotes? Yes, fossils of prehistoric Ice Age animals such as giant sloths, saber-toothed cats, and gomphotheres (relatives of elephants) have been found, as well as some of the oldest human remains in the Americas.

What is the most famous cenote for its history? Undoubtedly, the Sacred Cenote of Chichén Itzá, due to the enormous quantity of artifacts and human remains recovered from its depths, which confirmed its use as a sacrificial site.

How has the perception of cenotes changed over time? They have gone from being sources of life and sacred portals for the Mayans, to water wells for haciendas, and finally, to being natural wonders, tourist centers, and scientific laboratories for divers and archaeologists today.

What cultural importance do cenotes have today? They remain a pillar of Yucatecan identity. They are a tangible link to the Mayan past, a source of income for local communities, and a symbol of the peninsula's unique natural wealth.

VI. Specifics and Comparisons Which is the better cenote: Ik Kil or Suytun?

• Ik Kil: An impressive open cenote with vertical walls covered in vegetation and vines, ideal for jumping and swimming. It is very popular and can be crowded.
• Suytun: A cave cenote famous for its circular stone platform that is illuminated by a beam of light at midday. It is more of a photographic and contemplative experience.
• The choice depends on whether you are looking for a spectacular swimming experience (Ik Kil) or an iconic and mystical image (Suytun).

Which cenote is better for diving: Dos Ojos or El Pit?

• Dos Ojos: Ideal for Open Water divers and first-time cavern divers. It offers two routes (lines) with spectacular formations and plenty of light.
• El Pit: For more experienced divers. It is a deep pit with impressive light rays that penetrate to more than 30 meters (100 ft) and a hydrogen sulfide cloud.
• Dos Ojos is for accessible geological beauty, El Pit is for a dramatic experience of depth and light.

What is the deepest cenote in Yucatán? The Sac Actun underwater cave system contains parts of extreme depth, such as "The Pit" cenote, which exceeds 120 meters (394 ft). However, the title of the deepest sinkhole in Mexico often goes to El Zacatón in Tamaulipas (outside the peninsula), with a depth of over 300 meters (984 ft).

What is the largest cenote in the Yucatán Peninsula? In terms of surface diameter, it's hard to say, but in terms of a connected system, the Sistema Sac Actun is the largest, with over 370 km (230 miles) of explored passages.

What is Gran Cenote in Tulum like? It is a semi-open cenote with incredibly clear turquoise waters. It has cave sections and open-air parts connected by wooden platforms. It is ideal for snorkeling, and you can see turtles. 🐢

Is it worth visiting Cenote Azul? Absolutely. It is a large open cenote with different depth levels, ideal for families, beginner swimmers, and for relaxing. It's like a large natural pool with a very pleasant atmosphere and an affordable price.

How touristy is Cenote Ik Kil? It is one of the most touristy cenotes in the world, mainly due to its proximity to Chichén Itzá. It is usually very crowded, especially at midday when tour buses arrive.

What can you do at Cenote Zací in Valladolid? You can swim in its large body of water (it's a semi-open cenote), walk along the path that surrounds it, and jump from some of its platforms. It has a restaurant and is conveniently located in the city center.

How do you get to Cenote Suytun and its famous platform? It is about a 15-minute drive or taxi ride from the center of Valladolid. It's a very popular destination, so taxi drivers know the route well.

What makes Cenote Dos Ojos special? Its name ("Two Eyes") comes from the fact that it consists of two cenotes connected by a long cavern, resembling two eyes in the jungle. It is world-famous among divers for the clarity of its water and its spectacular underwater formations.

Is access to Cenote Calavera difficult? It is not difficult, but it is adventurous. You can enter by jumping through a main hole ("the skull") or two smaller ones ("the eyes"). There is also a wooden ladder to go down more conventionally.

What is the experience like at Cenote Sac Actun? It's an otherworldly experience. Sac Actun (white cave in Mayan) is an underground cave system. The tour takes you swimming and snorkeling through caverns filled with stalactites and stalagmites, making you feel like an explorer.

Are there cenotes with hot springs?No. The water in cenotes comes from rain and maintains a cool and constant temperature (24-26°C / 75-78°F) year-round. There is no geothermal activity to heat the water.

Are there cenotes that glow in the dark (bioluminescence)? Bioluminescence is a marine phenomenon. It is extremely rare or non-existent in freshwater cenotes. Some coastal lagoons that mix cenote and sea water, such as Manialtepec Lagoon in Oaxaca (not in Yucatán), do have this phenomenon.

Can you watch the sunrise or sunset in a cenote? In open cenotes, it is possible, although their opening (usually after sunrise) and closing (before sunset) times may limit this. Some hotels with private cenotes may offer this experience.

Which cenotes are less crowded? Generally, those further away from the main tourist centers, such as those in the Homún or Cuzamá areas, or less advertised cenotes on the Ruta de los Cenotes.

Are there secret or little-known cenotes? Yes, there are thousands of cenotes on private land or in the middle of the jungle that are not open to tourism and are known only to locals or explorers.

What is the "Ruta de los Cenotes" near Puerto Morelos? It is the Leona Vicario road that leaves Puerto Morelos to the west. Along this road, there are dozens of cenotes of all types (open, closed, adventure), such as La Noria, Verde Lucero, and Boca del Puma.

Which cenotes are part of ecotourism parks? Parks like Xcaret, Xel-Há, Xplor, and Xenotes (from Grupo Xcaret) have integrated cenotes and underground rivers into their attractions, offering a more controlled experience with multiple activities.

What is the difference between a cenote and a lagoon? A cenote is a sinkhole formed in limestone that connects to an underground river system. A lagoon is a body of water separated from the sea by a barrier of sand or coral, and it can be brackish. The Kaan Luum Lagoon, near Tulum, has a cenote in its center.

What is the difference between a cenote and a dry cave? Both are karstic formations. The difference is that the cenote is flooded (the groundwater level is above the cave floor), while a dry cave is above the water table.

Can you fish in the cenotes?Generally no. It is prohibited to protect endemic species and the delicate balance of the ecosystem.

Which cenotes have the best infrastructure? The most touristy cenotes like Ik Kil, Gran Cenote, and those in parks like Xcaret, have the best infrastructure, with restaurants, lockers, well-equipped bathrooms, and shops.

Which cenotes are more "rustic" or natural? The cenotes of Homún and Cuzamá offer a much more rustic and authentic experience, often managed by local families with basic facilities.

Do you need a guide to explore all cenotes? Not for swimming or snorkeling. However, for cavern or cave diving, it is absolutely mandatory to go with a certified guide. To explore complex systems like Sac Actun, a guide is also required.

Can you fly a drone over any cenote?No, most explicitly prohibit it. Always ask beforehand, but the answer will almost always be no.

Is there any cenote that is exclusive to certified divers? Yes, cenotes like El Pit or Angelita are primarily for diving and are not ideal (or sometimes not even open) for casual swimmers due to their depth and characteristics.

Are there cenotes where you can easily see the halocline effect? Yes, in deep cenotes close to the coast. Cenote Angelita and Cenote Calavera are famous among divers for this phenomenon.

Which cenotes are the best for underwater photography? 📸El Pit for its spectacular light rays, Gran Cenote for its clarity and shallow formations, and Dos Ojos for its passages full of stalactites are photographers' favorites.

Can you visit the Sacred Cenote of Chichén Itzá? You can visit to see it and take photos from the edge as part of the archaeological site tour, but it is strictly forbidden to swim or enter the water.

Which cenotes have pirate legends? This is more of a myth than reality. Pirate legends are more associated with the Caribbean coasts, like Bacalar or Isla Mujeres. Cenotes are linked to Mayan culture.

Are there detailed maps of the cenote systems? Yes, cave explorers and cartographers have extensively mapped systems like Sac Actun and Ox Bel Ha. These maps are technical and used mainly by cave divers.

Are new cenotes still being discovered?Yes, constantly. The dense jungle of the peninsula still hides thousands of unexplored or unrecorded cenotes.

What is the most expensive cenote and why? The highest prices are usually at theme parks (like Xenotes or Xplor) because they offer a complete package with multiple activities, food, and transportation. An expensive individual cenote may be so because of its fame and the infrastructure it offers.

What is the cheapest cenote and what does it offer? The cheapest are the community-run cenotes in towns like Homún. They usually cost between $50 and $100 MXN and offer an authentic experience, albeit with basic services.

Are there cenotes owned by local Mayan communities? Yes, many cenotes, especially in Yucatán, are ejidales, meaning they are managed by the local community. Visiting these cenotes is an excellent way to directly support the local economy.

How can I support the communities that manage the cenotes? By visiting them, paying your entrance fee, buying their crafts or food, and respecting their rules and culture.

Which cenotes are best for a relaxing experience? Open cenotes with shallow areas like Cenote Azul or lagoons like Kaan Luum are ideal for floating, relaxing, and enjoying the sun.

Which cenotes are best for an adrenaline-filled adventure? Cenotes with high jumping platforms (Ik Kil, Oxman), ziplines (on the Ruta de los Cenotes), or that require rappelling to enter are perfect for adrenaline seekers.

Which cenote has the coldest water? The temperature is quite uniform (24-26°C), but deep cave cenotes with little sunlight may feel slightly colder than open, sunny cenotes.

Are there cenotes with waterfalls? Natural waterfalls are rare since cenotes are fed by groundwater. However, at Ik Kil, small streams of water (both natural and artificial) run down the walls, adding to its beauty.

Which cenotes have the most impressive rock formations? To see them underwater, the cave and semi-open cenotes like Dos Ojos, Sac Actun, and those on the Ruta de los Cenotes are spectacular.

Can I visit several cenotes in a single day?Yes, it's very common. You can visit 2 or 3 if they are close together, such as on the Cuzamá or Homún routes, or near Tulum.

Are there passes or tickets that include visits to several cenotes? Yes, some tours (like Xenotes) offer a package for several. Also in places like Cuzamá, you pay for a single tour that takes you to 3 or 4 different cenotes.

Which cenotes are recommended to visit on a rainy day? 🌧️Cave or semi-open cenotes are perfect for a rainy day, as you will be sheltered from the rain while swimming. The experience is almost the same whether it rains or not.

Is it better to visit an open or closed cenote if it rains? A closed (cave) cenote is ideal, as the outside weather does not affect the experience. In an open cenote, the rain can be a beautiful and natural experience, but it might be colder when you get out.

Does the water clarity change after rain? In open cenotes, surface runoff can introduce sediments and slightly cloud the water near the surface, but the effect is generally minimal and temporary due to the large volume of water.

Is there any risk of flooding in cenotes during hurricane season? The water level can rise, but the risk of a dangerous flood for visitors is low, as cenotes are closed to the public in case of hurricane warnings or strong tropical storms.

How are cenotes cleaned and maintained? The staff collects trash, maintains the facilities, and monitors water quality. The most important cleaning is done by visitors by not introducing pollutants.

Who owns the cenotes? They can be private property (owned by individuals or companies) or ejido property (belonging to a community). The land is private or ejido property, but the water is considered the property of the nation.

Are cenotes federal or private property? The land where the entrance to the cenote is located is private or ejido, but the underground waters are regulated by the federal law of national waters.

Which cenotes are for sale? Occasionally, plots of land containing cenotes are put up for sale on the real estate market, but it is not something advertised as a "cenote sale."

What is the name of the light phenomenon that enters through the openings of the cenotes? It doesn't have a single technical name, but photographers and divers refer to it as "light rays," "light beams," or "cenital light effect."

Are there cave paintings inside the cenotes? Yes, in some cave systems associated with cenotes, Mayan cave paintings and handprints have been found, evidence of their ritual use.

Which cenotes have ziplines that end in the water? Several adventure parks on the Ruta de los Cenotes and in other places like Cenote Salva Maya (near Ek Balam) offer this exciting activity.

Are there cenotes with platforms of different heights for jumping? Yes, cenotes like Cenote Azul and Cenote Oxman have different points from which to jump, suitable for different levels of daring.

Which cenotes are most suitable for freediving? Deep, pit-type cenotes, such as Cenote Angelita or El Pit, are popular among experienced freedivers for their vertical drops.

Are there bicycle tours between different cenotes? Yes, near Tulum and Valladolid, there are tours that offer bicycle rides through the jungle to connect and visit several nearby cenotes.

Which cenotes offer the best typical food of the region? Many cenotes managed by communities in Yucatán, such as those around Valladolid or Mérida, often have small restaurants serving authentic Yucatecan food.

Can you find local crafts in the cenotes? Yes, in the larger and community-run cenotes, it is common to find small shops or stalls where local artisans sell their products.

Is there a museum dedicated to cenotes? There is no large museum dedicated exclusively to them, but the Gran Museo del Mundo Maya in Mérida has sections that explain their geological and cultural importance.

What famous documentaries or movies have been filmed in cenotes? Documentaries by National Geographic and the BBC have explored cenotes. The film "The Revenant" had scenes planned for them, and the action movie "The Cave" (2005) was inspired by them. They are also popular for music videos and commercials.

Is it possible to see bats in the cenotes? 🦇Yes, especially in cave and semi-open cenotes. At dusk, it is possible to see them leave in large groups to feed. They are harmless and important for the ecosystem.

What type of vegetation surrounds the cenotes? They are surrounded by low or medium jungle, with trees like the poplar (whose roots often hang down to the water), the sapodilla, and the ceiba, the sacred tree of the Mayans.

Can you volunteer for cenote conservation? Yes, there are local organizations and research projects that occasionally look for volunteers for clean-up, water quality monitoring, or reforestation.

Which cenotes are the deepest for technical diving?El Pit, Angelita, and parts of the Dos Ojos System require technical diving certifications (trimix, cave) to be explored safely.

Do you need a special permit for professional photography in cenotes?Yes, for commercial, fashion, or shoots with professional equipment (lights, tripods, models), a permit and payment of a special fee are generally required.

Are there cenotes that require a high level of physical fitness to access? Yes, some more remote cenotes or those with many steep and slippery stairs can be challenging. It's always a good idea to read reviews about the access.

Which cenotes are the most accessible from the main highway?Cenote Azul, Jardín del Edén, and Cristalino are practically on federal highway 307 between Playa del Carmen and Tulum, making them extremely accessible.

Are there cenotes that can be visited in a wheelchair? Accessibility is a major challenge. The Xcaret park has made a great effort in accessibility. Some open cenotes at ground level might be partially accessible, but it is crucial to research and call in advance.

Which cenotes have the warmest waters? The temperature is very stable. An open, shallow cenote under the midday sun might feel marginally warmer on the surface, but the difference is minimal.

Are there cenotes with designated picnic areas? Yes, some of the larger, family-oriented cenotes have designated picnic areas for visitors to eat comfortably.

Which cenotes are most recommended by locals? Locals often prefer less touristy and quieter cenotes, such as those in the Homún area, or specific cenotes they know for their particular beauty and lack of crowds.

Is there any festival or annual event related to cenotes? There is no massive festival, but there are local events, diving or freediving competitions, and equinox celebrations in cenotes that have particular light effects.

What impact does agriculture have on the water quality of the cenotes? It is one of the biggest risks. The use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture can seep through the porous soil and contaminate the underground aquifer on which the cenotes depend.

How has sargassum affected the cenotes? Sargassum is a problem for the beaches and the sea. It does not directly affect cenotes, as they are inland freshwater bodies. They are an excellent refuge when the beaches have a lot of sargassum.

Is it possible to see the root system of trees inside the cenote water?Yes, and it is one of the most magical sights. In many cenotes, the long roots of surface trees descend through the rock walls to reach the water, creating a natural curtain.

Which cenotes are ideal for a first diving experience? Cenotes like Dos Ojos or Chikin Ha are perfect for a "Discover Scuba" cavern diving experience, as they are shallow, have plenty of light, and simple routes.

Are there cenotes where you can observe marine life from the sea? Yes, in coastal cenotes and systems like Casa Cenote (which is directly connected to the sea through a cave), you can see saltwater fish like snappers and barracudas that enter the system.

What is the most important question I should ask before visiting a cenote?"What are your specific rules to help conserve it?" This question shows respect and ensures that your visit will be as sustainable and positive as possible for this unique ecosystem.